Article Correction, Withdrawal, Retraction, and Removal Policies

Article Correction: A Corrigendum is published to correct errors or omissions that do not affect the article's integrity or findings. It must be drafted by the authors, with all authors’ agreement. In contrast, an Erratum is issued by the publisher for errors made during publication.

Article Withdrawal: Articles-in-Press can be withdrawn before final publication for reasons such as errors, accidental duplication, policy breaches, or editorial mistakes. When withdrawn, the article’s content is replaced with a notification of withdrawal, linking to the relevant policy.

Article Retraction: Articles may be retracted due to significant errors impacting findings, policy violations (e.g., plagiarism, unauthorized data use), or ethical concerns. A retraction notice is published, linking to the original article, which retains its content but is marked as "retracted."

Article Removal: Articles may be removed from the online archive in rare cases where they are defamatory, subject to a court order, or pose serious health risks. The metadata will be retained, but the text will be replaced with a notice indicating legal removal.

These policies aim to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record while addressing various issues that may arise during publication.