Monitoring the Land Covers Around Al- Razaza Lake/ Iraq Based Upon Multi-Temporal Analysis Technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i2.978Keywords:
Land cover, drought, supervised classification, NDWI, Al-Razaza lake.Abstract
Remote sensing techniques are very important for the identification of land cover patterns and monitoring changes that occurred, thus three different periods were taken for the Al-Razaza lake region. The Summer and spring months were chosen because climate changes were observed and their effect on land covers was monitored. According to the applied supervised classification, the study area was divided into four land covers, nearly closed Al – Razaza Lake was deeper in its western portions, thick vegetation cover was found. The eastern and southern portion of the lake was bounded by desertic and semi-desertic land. The water level in the lake was fluctuating with different seasons. During the period 2000 and 2015 the area of the lake was height decreased around 320 Km2. Climate changes led to increasing drying out water areas and a high increase in the number of saline areas in 2015. This study shows a significant decrease in water cover In terms of depth and area of the lake due to the large decline in the value of the NDWI index.Downloads
References
Turner II, B. L., W. C. Clark, R. W. Kates, J. F. Richards, J. T. Mathews, and W. B. Meyer, "The Earth as Transformed By Human Action", 1990: Cambridge University Press.
O'Neill, R. V., C. T. Hunsaker, K. B. Jones, K. H. Riitters, J. D. Wickham, P. M. Schwartz, I. A. Goodman, B. L. Jackson, and W. S. Baillargeon, "Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale", 1997, Bioscience, P. 47:513-519.
S.S. Manugula", Digital Classification of Land Use Land Cover by Using Remote Sensing Techniques": Guru Nanak Institutions, 2017.
Beaulac, M.N. and Reckhow, K.H. "An examination of land use - nutrient export relationships", 1980, Water Resources Bulletin 6:1013-1024.
Mishra, A.K. and Singh, V.P. "A review of drought concepts": J. Hydro l391, 2010, PP 202-216.
Thomas M. Lillesand, Ralph W. Kiefer, Jonathan W.Chipman, "Remote sensing and image interpretation", Fifth edition, Copyright © 2004, John Wiley and Sons.
Elachi, c. "Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing", 1987, Wiley, New York.
Ministry of Water Resources / Soil and Water Research Center, Field work, 1970, Iraq.
Mudhafar A. Salim and Salwan Ali Abed, "The Effects of Climate Change on the Biodiversity in Iraq": Lake Razzaza Case Study, 2017, Iraq.
Aqeel A. Al-Zubaidi, Sadi Kan Jan., "Earth Surface processes and land forms of south west razaza lake-central Iraq", 2016.
Al-Jaf A.A., and Al-Saady, Y.I, "Integration of remote sensing data and GIS application for land cover land use and environmental change detection in Razaza Lake Bahr Al-najaf area", 2009, GEOSURV int. rep.No.3150.
MCFEETERS, S.K., "The use of normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features", International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996, PP. 1425-1432.
HANQIU XU. "Modification of normalized difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery", 2006, China.
Downloads
Key Dates
Published
Issue
Section
License
Articles accepted for publication in Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science (MJS) are protected under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Authors of accepted articles are requested to sign a copyright release form prior to their article being published. All authors must agree to the submission, sign copyright release forms, and agree to be included in any correspondence between MJS and the authors before submitting a work to MJS. For personal or educational use, permission is given without charge to print or create digital copies of all or portions of a MJS article. However, copies must not be produced or distributed for monetary gain. It is necessary to respect the copyright of any parts of this work that are not owned by MJS.
How to Cite
